If you're paying attention, you notice that the transition from 7:53 to 8:1 is in the middle of a sentence. In fact, many scholars doubt that St. John wrote this at all. It is not in the oldest manuscripts--handwritten copies--of the New Testament that we have. In some other copies, it appears in other Gospels. Even so, the Church has received this, and considers it part of St. John's Gospel.
As I recall, anyone and everyone who was caught in adultery was supposed to be stoned, according to the law. So right away, we notice that these leaders are going to give the man a break, and pin it all on the woman. So Jesus was going to ignore this farce for as long as he could. St. John also tells us that they asked him the question in order to trap him, but that obviously isn't going to work.
The way that Jesus answers is deeper than it first appears. This is not just a sentimental story about Jesus giving a break to a woman caught in adultery. Every Israelite knew as each new year came around that the community would commemorate the Day of Atonement, when the high priest would enter the holy place of the temple and make a sacrifice once a year for the sins of everyone in Israel. But maybe even they knew that the blood of bulls and goats could never take away sin. After all, if the blood of bulls and goats could take away sin, why would they have to repeat it? So when Jesus says, "Let him who is without sin be the first to throw a stone at her," he is pointing out that even on the most solemn day of the whole year, everyone is still guilty. Jesus never says that what she did is acceptable, but he puts it in perspective. We can judge conduct, and we can judge ourselves, but we should be very careful about making a final judgment about anyone else. That's what it means when St. John is using the word "condemn" here: we know that someone who is condemned is going to die. They are a murderer; that is what they are. A lot of people don't have time for nuance and explanations when it comes to people who have done bad things. Jesus is saying that God always has time to see us for more than what we have done, especially when we have done the wrong things. He tells her not to sin again, and she goes on her way. This is the definition of mercy, because she didn't deserve it. True mercy acknowledges wrongdoing, and offers relief from some of the consequences. May we be people of truth, and abundant mercy, because we know that God has been merciful to us.
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